Sigumand Freud And Nietzsche: Personalities And The Mind Essay

Sigumand Freud and Nietzsche: Personalities and The Mind There were two great minds in this century. One such mind was that of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). In the year 1923 he created a new view of the mind. That view encompassed the idea we have split personalities and that each one have their own realm, their own tastes, their own principles upon which they are guided. He called these different personalities the id, ego, and super ego. Each of them are alive and well inside each of our unconscious minds, separate but yet inside the mind inhabiting one equal plane. Then there was Nietzsche (1844-1900) who formulated his own theories about the sub-conscious. His ideas were based on the fact that inside each and every one of us is a raging battle going on. This battle involves the two most basic parts of society, the artistic Dionysian and the intelligent Apollonian. Sometimes one being becomes more dominant than the other or they both share the same plane. Even though individually created, these theories could be intertwined, even used together. Thus it is the object of this paper to prove that the Freudian theory about the unconscious id, and ego are analogous to the idea on the Apollonian and Dionysian duality's presented by Nietzsche. "The division of the psychical into what is conscious and what is unconscious is the fundamental premise of psycho-analysis; and it alone makes it possible for psycho-analysis to understand the pathological processes in mental life..." (Freud, The Ego and the Id, 3). To say it another way, psycho-analysis cannot situate the essence of the psychial in consciousness, but is mandated to comply consciousness as a quality of the pyschial, which may be present (Freud, The Ego and the ID, 3). "...that what we call our ego behaves essentially passively in life, and that, as he expresses it, we are 'lived' by unknown and uncontrollable forces," (Groddeck, quoted from Gay, 635). Many, if not all of us have had impressions of the same, even though they may not have overwhelmed us to the isolation of all others, and we need to feel no hesitation in finding a place for Groddeck's discovery in the field of science. To take it into account by naming the entity which begins in the perception system. And then begins by being the 'ego,' and by following his [Groddeck's] system in identifying ... ...ersonality were named. The Apollonian, "...music had long been familiar to the Greeks as an Apollonian art , as a regular beat like that of waves lapping the shore, a plastic rhythm expressly developed for the portrayal of Apollonian conditions," (AD, in Jacobus, 556). That "plastic rhythm" described by Nietzsche is the cardinal groundwork for the theory of the Apollonian. Apollonian people are those who are totally based in the scientific world. They have no real imagination, no abstractness to their thinking. Whereas people who are wholly Dionysian are the opposite. These folk have no real basis in the real world. They are completely out of synch with reality because they think only in hypothetical thoughts. Hence the fact the most, if not all humans have a little of both in them. Most great scientists for instance are both Apollonian and Dionysian. They are mainly Apollinistic, due to the fact that they are clearly intelligent, which according to Nietzsche is the foundation for Apollonian thought, but they are also Dionysian. This can be said if you take Albert Einstein for an example. He is probably one of the most intelligent (and thus Apollonian) thinkers

Legal Imperatives for Affordable Housing Delivery in Nigeria Essay

Shelter or housing is one of the most basic of human needs; it ranked second only to food in the hierarchy of human needs. [1] It is fundamental to human survival and an essential component in the advancement of the quality of life of the citizenry. [2] Housing provides shelter for man in order for him to actualize his real potentials in life and contributes to the growth of the world economy. 3] The provision of housing is therefore sine qua non to the growth of man and development of the nation. Effective housing delivery involves many actors and segments of the state apparatus, including the building materials sector, financial sector, real estate sector, energy and infrastructural development sectors and the environmental planning sector amongst others; it therefore requires effective partnership, collaboration and information sharing among different sectors of the economy. To fulfill the need for affordable housing in Nigeria, a multi-faceted approach that transcends the legal, social, economics, religious and cultural interfaces and traits must be put in place at any given time. The task of this paper is to examine the legal initiatives required to facilitate the delivery of affordable housing units to the generality of Nigerians irrespective of class, race or gender. This is with a view at pointing out the inhibitors to smooth housing delivery and proffering practical and workable solution to the identified problems. To achieve this end the paper examines the concept of housing within the legal and statutory framework; it forays into the provisions of the Land Use Act, Planning Laws, Title Registration Laws, Property Tax Legislations and Infrastructural Laws amongst others; and submits that there is need for review of most of these legislations before any meaningful progress can be made in the provision of affordable housing to Nigerians. Concept of Housing. Quoting from the provisions of the new national housing policy document; [4] ‘Housing is defined as the process of providing safe, comfortable, attractive, functional affordable and identifiable shelter in a proper setting within a neighbourhood, supported by continuous maintenance of the built environment for the daily living activities of individuals/families within the community while reflecting their socio-economic, cultural aspirations and preferences. From this definition, housing is not only a shelter, but includes safety of the neighborhood; comfortable and functional dwelling, supported by continuous maintenance of the environment and planning; all reflecting the socio-economic, cultural aspirations and preferences of members of the society. Thus, the legal initiatives for the delivery of housing as conceptualized above requires not only the legal parameters concerning land, but extends to town planning laws, Tenancy and Rent control law, property tax law, energy law, water law, environmental law, compulsory acquisition and compensation laws amongst others. Each of these laws is now treated seriatim as hereunder. Land law. Land is to housing as what a woman is to a pregnancy. The conception, gestation and delivery of housing can only come to fruition with the availability of secured land and proper land management. Land midwifes housing delivery in myriad of ways; Land is the superstructure on which the dreams and aspirations of provision of housing is founded. [5] Land supports the production and delivery of housing through the provision of the much needed finance for its construction. As one of the main factors of production, land provides capital formation and collateral for bank advances towards the construction of the much needed- houses. It is thus obvious that the dream of a vibrant, efficient and effective mortgage system (financial reforms) will remain a mirage in the absence of a viable and reliable land management system. [6] The land management policy of a State also impacts directly on the output and supply of some of the basic raw materials in the construction industry including housing. 7] Such materials as sand, gravel, granite, laterite and even cement are subject to the extant land use management policy of the state. Thus, the Land use policy and management of the State has a direct impact and consequences not only on the quantum and quality of the State housing stock, but also fundamentally on the economic wellbeing of the citizen and the state, particularly in developing countries where there is heavy reliance on land and its resources for sustenance. 8] The question of who owns the land, what tenure operates over the land, security of tenure, compensation for compulsory acquisition of property rights are fundamental questions of enquiry in this exercise. Given the foregoing scenario, an examination of the current law regulating the use and management of land cannot but be a prerequisite to the successive delivery of housing units. The current law on the subject is principally the Land Use Act; others are Registration Laws, Registration of Title Laws etc. To ensure an efficient and effective housing delivery, there is a fundamental need for a secured land title and security of tenure; for where there is no security of title and tenure the development of mortgage system and formal land market will be adversely affected, to the detriment of the growth of the housing sector. The land Use Act, as presently constituted does not seem to provide the necessary secured tenure to fast track the delivery of the expected houses. The Land Use Act, founded on hybrid recommendation,[9] undulates between land nationalization and the protection of private property rights. 10] Its wavering posture has given rise to multiple interpretations as to its policy thrust and directives. Questions arise as to what is the quantum of interest obtainable under the Act,[11] are there equal property rights in every citizen under the Act,[12] what is the proprietary value of the Certificate of Occupancy issued under the Act,[13]how secured is private property rights under the Act in view of the Governor’s power of revocation[14] and paltry compensation payable thereon? 15] How much protection does the Act offer potential mortgagees in the creation, perfection and realization of the mortgage transactions? [16] How far the Land Use Act has addressed the problems of land speculation, land grabbing and incessant land dispute and urban slum? [17] Apart from these, the over concentration of power of land management in an individual rather than institution; the dichotomy in land rights and land administration under the Act and the ouster of courts’ jurisdiction in the determination of dispute and compensation issues are areas of concerns. These and many others are impediments to successful delivery of housing as such state of policy confusion and legal inconsistency only breeds fear, distrust and doubts in the heart of would be investors and property developers alike. The Land Use Act should be amended to address these contentious issues bedeviling the smooth delivery of adequate and affordable housing to the masses. For once, the Act should take a categorical stance on who owns the land; state or individual? To many this may seem obvious,[18] but not when one realizes that while the tenure of some citizen is finite and determinable,[19] others are infinite;[20] whilst some pay taxes and rents on their land, others do not. [21] The Act should declare state ownership of land so that the transition provisions of more than 35years old in the Act[22] can be extinguished and laid to rest and occupiers can be compensated for the revocation of their rights over bare land in as much as they paid to obtain the land from the state. With such categorical posture the issue of inequality in land rights as presently obtainable under the Act will become a thing of the past; every citizen will now have equal determinable interest in land. With state ownership of land, the proprietary value of Certificate of Occupancy is enhanced since it will now become a land title document instead of the current position as document evidencing title to land. 23] Still on the Act, the provision relating to consent requirement[24] should be removed with respect to mortgages in order to streamline the laborious process of mortgage creation, perfection and realization under the Act. Presently a mortgagee must ensure that there is Governor’s consent to any mortgage transaction and must also obtain the Governor’s consent when exercising its power of sale under the mortgage deed, otherwise the transaction is void. 25] Also, the provision excluding the mortgagee from the definition of a holder/occupier[26] for the purpose of payment of compensation should be reviewed to facilitate the enforcement and realization of the mortgage transactions. With the amendment in place, the primary mortgage institutions (PMIs) will be able to take the full benefit of the loan window provided for in the National Housing Fund Act[27] to secure their investment with a block of mortgages over the properties being developed. Aside the amendment of the Act to accommodate smooth mortgage transactions, the Act should also provide explicit procedure for revocation of right of occupancy, such as pre-revocation notices, filing of objections and access to the courts for adjudication on quantum of compensation payable upon revocation. The present situation whereby one only reads about revocation in the newspapers; and whereat it is done with military fiat, falls short of international best practices obtainable in more civilized climes. 28] To avoid conflict between State grant and a grant made by the local government, the reviewed Act should abolish the dichotomy e xisting between the State and local government over land administration in the State. This will ensure a uniform source of authority and streamline land administration in the state thus fostering land management reliability and efficiency, all geared towards boosting investor’s confidence in the system and seamless production and delivery of ho using units. Mortgage law Mortgage transaction is a species of secured credit transaction that provides investment funds for business enterprises. With respect to housing, the term means a transaction in which a mortgage, deed of trust, purchase money security interest arising under an installment sales contract, or equivalent consensual security interest is created or retained against the consumer’s dwelling to finance the acquisition or initial construction of such dwelling. [29] It is the bedrock and the superstructure for housing finance. Its functionality is exhibited when it is appreciated that it gives assurance for the repayment of the loan advanced for the construction of houses. Statutorily, the primary mortgage institutions (PMIs) established under the law[30] are required to secure the loans obtained from the federal mortgage banks/national housing funds with a first legal mortgage over the block of properties funded by the loan. In the same vein, individuals are expected to execute a first legal mortgage over the property financed by the funds sourced from the PMIs. Mortgage is so fundamental to mass and social housing developments to the extent that without it housing development will suffer from dearth of block of funds and will have to rely on individual savings and financial support from friends and relatives. But what is the state of our law on mortgages? With few exceptions, our law on mortgages is still founded on the received English laws of the 19th century; which has been discarded in England almost a century ago. Our law on the subject does not reflect the realities of our time. We still convey in fee simple or tail when such proprietary interest does not exist in our statute books. Our mortgage enforcement procedures are still tangled in the webs of the common law and archaic statutory provisions. The rights of the mortgagee to freely realize his investment is hampered by our laws[31] and courts. [32] There is the need to review our laws on the subject of mortgage. The Property and Conveyancing Act[33] needs repealing and a new law on mortgages to reflect the current trend in the area to fast-track mortgage transactions be promulgated. The new law should reflect the quantum of proprietary interest available under our law, streamline the process for the enforcement of mortgagees’ powers of sale and foreclosures and do away with the need for a re-conveyance deed in mortgages amongst others. The right of the mortgagor to create successive legal mortgagees over the same property; be protected from negative amortization clauses and collateral mortgage contracts should be explored under the new law. The new law should harmonize the provisions of existing legislations in the areas and harness them to achieve the goal of providing robust financial base to for social housing. The provisions of the Land Use Act, Registration of Title Laws, National Housing Fund Act, Pension Act, Federal Mortgage Bank Act, Nigeria Social Insurance Trust Fund Act, Primary Mortgages Institution Act and other laws relating thereto should be examined in this wise. The provisions of the Property and Conveyancing Law,[34] the current law on Mortgages in UK and the Lagos State Mortgage and Property Law[35] are also recommended as templates for the review of the old Act. Land Registration Law. Land registration can be best described as a species of machinery for assisting a purchaser or mortgagee in his inquiries as to his vendor’s or mortgagor’s title previously to completing his dealing, and for securing his own position afterwards. [36] Documentation and registration of all dealings and transactions involving land is at the heart of ensuring record keeping, facilitating land searches, tracing and priority in land transactions, which go a long way at establishing certainty, predictability and efficiency in land transactions including mortgages. A vibrant storage and retrieval land information system enhances transparency in land dealings and is immeasurable as a factor aiding speedy settlement of land disputes. A good land registration system is therefore core to efficient land administration and consequently the delivery of housing in a state. Currently in Nigeria, it is the prerogative of the state to determine, design and operate its own land information recording system. This is as a result of the constitutional arrangement which empowers the states to legislate on the subject atter. [37] The current regime has given rise to multiplicity of laws and diverse administrative procedures in the process of storing and retrieving land information system in the country to the detriment of investors, mortgagees and real estate developers alike. A times the requirements for land registrations/title registration varies from state to state not because laws are different but simply on issue of practice and procedures to be adopted including charges/levies imposed on the parties. 38] In the time past there used to be a uniform land information recording and retrieval system in the country; the Land Instrument Registration Act[39] 1924 which later became state laws[40] with the coming into effect of the 1954 federal constitution. The law is still extant in most of the states of the federation, but the practice has remained diverse. There is therefore a need to streamline the practice and procedure for recording and registration of land dealings and evolve a uniform system that will not only breed seamless land registration process but also boost investors’ confidence in the process. Towards this end, the existing mechanisms and procedure for regularization and registration must be reoriented and reorganized to achieve greater effectiveness, reliability and economy. Since market efficiency depends very much on the availability of reliable information that can be used to check genuineness of titles before purchase and to trace records of land transfers at any point in time, efforts should be geared towards making registration compulsory for all land dealing. Government should compel the conversion of all existing titles on land to a certificate of occupancy within a stipulated time. Such policy would foster the development of a uniform land title in the system, which in turn would engender certainty, reliability and security of land title deeds. [41] Such scheme will also obviate the need to keep dual land title documents over a piece of land[42] and thus stem the tide of land frauds that are rampant in our urban centres.

Othello Iago Appearance vs. Realality - 2420 Words

Iago is one of Shakespeares most complex villains. Initially you get the impression that the character of Iago is one of pure evil. Right from the start of Act 1, it becomes obvious that he is capable of most anything. You see right away that he is able to give the appearance of one thing, but in reality be something quite different. He has been acting like he is interested in helping Roderigo by bringing gifts and messages to Desdemona for him. Iago is in reality using Roderigo who is very gullible and in fact not too bright. Iago plays him like a fool, even taking money from him as payment for doing him favors. Criticism # 1 A. Introduction Ââ€" The theory that Othello is a play about the jealousy of one man, not Othello but Iago, is†¦show more content†¦Roderigo questions this by saying to Iago I would not follow him then (7 41). Iago quickly turns things around by responding to Roderigo O, sir, content you; I follow him to serve my turn upon him (7 44-45). Iago is telling Roderigo that he is only following Othello to a certain point. He is revealing the fact that once he reaches that certain point, he will not follow Othello any longer. This clearly shows Iagos use of deceit. No matter what, Iago will take advantage of Othello any time that he can. Due to the fact that Othello trusts him, he will be easily led to believe the lies of Iago. Othello put all of his trust in Iago during times of war and during his marriage to Desdemona. Trust of Iago made him completely unaware that he was lying to him. As previously mentioned, everyone considered Iago as honest and it would therefore be out of character for Othello to believe any differently than everyone else. For example, Othello had told the Duke, So please your grace, my ancient; a man he is of honesty and trust. To his conveyance I assign my wife, with what else needful your good grace shall think, to be sent after me (49 306-309). Despite his being manipulative, deceitful, scheming and conniving, Iago constantly tries to convince himself that all of his actions are justified. We see this in his soliloquies. For

Reading Shakespeare in German

Strange as it may seem, the German Shakespeare Society (die Deutsche Shakespeare-Gesellschaft, DSG) is the worlds oldest! Founded in 1864, on the occasion of the Bards 300th birthday (zum 300. Geburtstag vom Barden), the Societys headquarters are in Weimar, a city also closely associated with the real German Shakespeares, Friedrich Schiller and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Divided by the Cold War and the Berlin Wall for three decades, Germanys oldest literary society successfully managed its own reunification in 1993. Each year in April (the month of Shakespeares birth and death) the DSG sponsors its Shakespeare-Tage (Shakespeare Days), an international event held in either Weimar or Bochum, the former western headquarters, in alternate years. The Society also promotes other meetings, seminars and research, and publishes a book-like annual journal, Das Shakespeare-Jahrbuch, in English and German.    »Sein oder Nichtsein—das ist die Frage! «Ã¢â‚¬Å"To be, or not to be, that is the question.† The German fascination with Shakespeare began in the early 1700s when English repertoire companies crossed the Ärmelkanal (English Channel) to perform the Bards plays all across Germany and Europe. Translations of Shakespeares words have become so much a part of the German language, that Germans can be forgiven if they sometimes seem to forget that William Shakespeare was not Wilhelm Shakespeare! In fact, the Germans take a back seat to no one when it comes to honoring the greatest English poet of all time. They do so by performing and attending his plays (more performances each year than in Britain!), using his words and phrases, and by joining Shakespeare clubs and associations. Theres even a replica of the Globe Theatre in Neuss, Germany, not far from Dà ¼sseldorf. Each season in Neuss the German Globe offers a program of Shakespeare productions—in both German and English.   As in the English-speaking world, Germans often fail to realize just how much of their vocabulary comes from Shakespeare. But was ist ein Name? (whats in a name?) They would no doubt consider such concerns viel Là ¤rm um nichts (much ado about nothing). However, worrying about such things could be der Anfang vom Ende (the beginning of the end). Okay, Ill stop. Der Rest ist Schweigen (the rest is silence). A Brief Shakespeare (English-German) Glossary the Bard der Barde play das Schauspiel poet der Dichter / die Dichterin the Swan of Avon der Schwan vom Avon sonnet(s) das Sonett (-e) The Taming of the Shrew Der Widerspenstigen Zhmung for all the worlds a stage die ganze Welt ist eine Bhne Over the years, many German literary figures have translated Shakespeare into the language of Goethe and Schiller. (Among other works, Goethes Gà ¶tz von Berlichingen shows Shakespeares influence.) For many of the Bards plays and sonnets it is possible to find several German versions, translated at different times by different poets. Ironically, this means that it is usually easier to read Shakespeare in German (if youre German) than in English! The English of Shakespeares time is often foreign to modern ears, but the German translations tend to be in more modern German than the Elizabethan English of the originals. ÃÅ"bersetzungen / Translations Over the years, various German writers - from close to Shakespeares time until modern times - have translated his works into German. As a result, unlike the situation in English, there are different versions of Shakespeare in German. Below you can compare several Shakespeare works that have been translated into German by more than one German poet. Two German Versions of Shakespeares Sonnet 60  (First verse) Translated by Max Josef Wolff and Stefan George Original Shakespeare Version Like as the waves make towards the pibled shore,So do our minutes hasten to their end,Each changing place with that which goes before,In sequent toile all forwards do contend. Max Josef Wolff  (1868-1941) Wie Well auf Welle zu dem Felsenstrand,So eilen die Minuten nach dem Ziel;Bald schwillt die eine, wo die andre schwand,Und weiter rauschts im ewig regen Spiel. Stefan George  (1868-1933) Wie Wogen drà ¤ngen nach dem steinigen Strand,ziehn unsre Stunden eilig an ihr End,und jede tauscht mit der, die vorher stand,mà ¼hsamen Zugs nach vorwà ¤rts nà ¶tigend. Three German Versions of Shakespeares  Hamlet  (First 5 lines) Translated by Wieland, Schlegel, and Flatter Original Shakespeare Version To be, or not to be, that is the question:Whether tis Nobler in the minde to sufferThe Slings and Arrowes of outragious Fortune,Or to take Armes against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them... Christoph Martin Wieland  (1765) Seyn oder nicht seyn — Das ist die Frage.Ob es einem edeln Geist anstà ¤ndiger ist, sichden Beleidigungen des Glà ¼ks geduldig zu unterwerfen,Oder seinen Anfallen entgegen zu stehen,und durch einen herzhaften Streich sie auf einmal zu endigen? August Wilhelm Schlegel  (1809) Sein oder Nichtsein, das ist hier die Frage:obs edler im Gemà ¼t, die Pfeil und Schleuderndes wà ¼tenden Geschicks erdulden, oder,sich waffnend gegen eine See von Plagen,durch Widerstand sie enden... Richard Flatter  (1954) Sein oder Nichtsein —: das ist die Frage!Ist es nun edler, im Gemà ¼t zu duldendie Pfeil und Schleudern des fà ¼hllosen Schicksalsoder dem Heer von Plagen sich zu stellenund kà ¤mfend Schluß zu machen? German Version of Shakespeares Sonnet 18  (First verse) Translated by Stefan George Original Shakespeare Version Shall I compare thee to a Summers day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough windes do shake the darling buds of Maie,And Summers lease hath all too short a date: Stefan George Soll ich vergleichen einem Sommertagedich, der du lieblicher und milder bist?Des Maien teure Knospen drehn im Schlagedes Sturms, und allzukurz ist Sommers Frist. Resources Deutsche Shakespeare Gesellschaft  The German Shakespeare Society in Weimar. The oldest Shakespeare association in the world was founded in 1864.William Shakespeare - Projekt Gutenberg  A big collection of online German texts of many of Shakespeares plays (translations by Baudissin, Schlegel, Tieck, Wieland) and over 150 sonnets. Includes a brief bio in German.Wikipedia - Shakespeare (Deutsch)  The German Wikipedia entry for Shakespeare is very comprehensive and links to his works in German.Deutsche Shakespeare-Gesellschaft - English  This German site also has an English version.

Human Resources Management Roles - 633 Words

Human Resources Management Roles Rebecca Persinger HCS/341 September 12, 2011 Colin Smith Human Resources Management Roles Human resources departments (HR Departments) are important and vital assets in a health care organization because HR Departments understand what health care is from a payers, physicians, consumers, regulators, and employees perspective. HR Departments provide strategic planning and functional support to an organization. HR Departments need to work with individuals in the organization to ensure the organization is successful and make sure every employee understands his or her duties (Gomez-Mejia, L., Balkin, D., and Cardy, R., 2010). The most important functional role for an HR Department is to create job†¦show more content†¦Health care organizations need to be compliant with state and federal laws if any issues arise, so the HR Department needs to make sure the organization is complying with those laws because delivering top notch services to people who need them is vitally important. The HR department also handles compensation and benef its that include salary, medical, dental, and vision insurance as well as retirement packages. Most health care organizations have a large number of employees, so this can be a very tedious task, if not challenging (Kirby amp; Hannah, 2006). In order for goals to be accomplished, the HR department helps the entire organization work together so those goals can be adequately accomplished. The HR department makes sure the right candidates are brought in for job openings within the organization, and works with each employee to ensure he or she knows his or her duties and has the proper training on those duties. The HR Department evaluates employees to make sure he or she is fulfilling his or her duties and makes sure the organization is compliant with state and federal laws. If a business wants to be successful and effective, they must connect with the HR department as it will help the organization work together to accomplish goals because the HR Department ensures theShow MoreRelat edHuman Resource Management And The Role Of Human Resources Essay2308 Words   |  10 Pages The changing role of Human Resources and the role of the Human Resources Business Partner Prepared by: Taznah Prins Prepared for: Anita Abbott Submitted on 16 October 2016 SIT-2016-MTG302.8 Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 1 2. Introduction 2 3. Background 2 4. Literature review 3 5. Data collection plan and rationale 4 6. Conclusion 5 7. References 6 8. Appendices 6 8.1 Appendix A – Questionnaire 6 8.2 Appendix B – Email to the survey participants 8 1. Executive SummaryRead MoreHuman Resource Management Roles592 Words   |  3 PagesHuman Resource Management’s Role in the Health Care Industry HCS/341 Human Resources in Health Care January 9, 2012 Diane Rodriguez â€Æ' Human Resource Management’s Role in the Health Care Industry Human Resource Management helps healthcare organizations maintain a great relationship between the employees and their organization. Human Resource department of an organization has multiple responsibilities and its primary purpose is to improve the productive contribution of people within anRead MoreChanging Roles in Human Resources Management1136 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The concept of â€Å"human resources management† implies that â€Å"employees† are resources of the company† (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2007, p. 2.). The human resources department traditionally has been seen by organizations as a necessary expense, rather than a value to the company (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2007, p. 1). Human resources management involves many crucial jobs, some of which include handling people in a professional manner, good intuition and adaptability, creativityRead MoreRoles And Importance Of Human Resource Management Essay1693 Words   |  7 Page sAnswer1. Roles and Importance of Human Resource Management Human Resource Management is the procedure of requirement, selection, giving orientation , making giving trainings to employees and the creating skills, appraisal of worker , giving remuneration and advantages, benefits, providing motivation, keeping up workers security, welfare and wellbeing by following work laws of concern state or nation. Human Resource Management is the procedure of usage of accessible restricted talented workforceRead MoreStrategic Role Of Human Resource Management1550 Words   |  7 Pagesthe face of increasing competitive environment organisation needs to focus on the value of investing human resources as a major competitive advantage. It is important to set a HRM to meet those advantages to meet company’s objectives with the flexible environment. Schuler (1992) defines strategic human resource management as â€Å"the integration and adaption to ensure (1) human resource management is fully with the strategy and the strategic needs of the firm (2) HR polices cohere both across policyRead MoreThe Role Of Human Resource Management And Operations3205 Words   |  13 PagesAir Transport Management and Operations Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Principles of management 2.1 – Planning 2.2 – Organizing/controlling 2.3 – staffing 2.4 – controlling 2.5 – Management in Airline Industry 3.0 Human Resource Management 3.1 - History of Human Resource Management 3.2 - HRM vs PM 3.3 - Abraham Maslow’s theory 3-4 - HRM in Singapore Airlines Read MoreStrategic Role Of Human Resource Management Essay1813 Words   |  8 PagesThe human resource management refers to the activities that an organization uses, to implement a labor force in an effective manner; these activities are: the determination of the human resources strategy of the company, recruitment, performance evaluation, the administrative development, and remuneration and labor relations. The strategic role of human resource management in itself is complex in a national company, but it is even more in an international company, where recruitment activities, administrativeRead MoreThe Role Of Human Resource Management And Personnel Management1439 Words   |  6 Pagesmainly due to the development of the most essential part of an organisation. The Human Resource Department. The human resource department ensures that high morale of employees is kept constant to make sure that high output is produced. A happy workforce means a high output rate studies have shown. Wi thin this report the main aim is to delve into the historical development of human resources and personnel management. In addition, the report will look at how the workplace and employee and employerRead MoreThe Role Of Strategic Human Resource Management Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagesexcellent model for competitors. Furthermore, as businesses continue to evolve so do their primary functions. Like Whole Foods, many companies today are expanding the use of strategic human resource management. In fact, now more than ever, executives are working closely and strategically with their human resources divisions in developing creative ways to implement proper policies, practices, and systems that can successfully influence employees’ attitude and performance† (Noe, Hollenback, GerhartRead MoreRole of Compensation in Human Resources Management773 Words   |  4 Pagesbenefits Posted by Numan Nazir on Friday, 02/12/2010 12:07 am       Human Resource Management (HRM) has never been as significant as it is today. Companies want to attract, retain and motivate brains to meet objectives. Today Humans are regarded as one of every company’s assets so they need to be efficiently and effectively managed. One of the tools companies use to attract, retain and motivate its people is Compensation Management. In this article, I shall define compensation and benefits along with

A Woman Of No Importance monologue from the play by Oscar Wilde Essay Example For Students

A Woman Of No Importance monologue from the play by Oscar Wilde Essay A monologue from the play by Oscar Wilde NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from A Woman of No Importance. Oscar Wilde. London: Methuen Co., 1916. MRS. ALLONBY: The Ideal Man! Oh, the Ideal Man should talk to us as if we were goddesses, and treat us as if we were children. He should refuse all our serious requests, and gratify every one of our whims. He should encourage us to have caprices, and forbid us to have missions. He should always say much more than he means, and always mean much more than he says. He should never run down other pretty women. That would show he had no taste, or make one suspect that he had too much. No; he should be nice about them all, but say that somehow they don\t attract him. If we ask him a question about anything, he should give us an answer all about ourselves. He should invariably praise us for whatever qualities he knows we haven\t got. But he should be pitiless, quite pitiless, in reproaching us for the virtues that we have never dreamed of possessing. He should never believe that we know the use of useful things. That would be unforgivable. But he should shower on us everything we don\t want . He should persistently compromise us in public, and treat us with absolute respect when we are alone. And yet he should be always ready to have a perfectly terrible scene, whenever we want one, and to become miserable, absolutely miserable, at a moment\s notice, and to overwhelm us with just reproaches in less than twenty minutes, and to be positively violent at the end of half an hour, and to leave us for ever at a quarter to eight, when we have to go and dress for dinner. And when, after that, one has seen him for really the last time, and he has refused to take back the little things he has given one, and promised never to communicate with one again, or to write one any foolish letters, he should be perfectly broken-hearted, and telegraph to one all day long, and send one little notes every half-hour by a private hansom, and dine quite alone at the club, so that every one should know how unhappy he was. And after a whole dreadful week, during which one has gone about everywhere with one\s husband, just to show how absolutely lonely one was, he may be given a third last parting, in the evening, and then, if his conduct has been quite irreproachable, and one has behaved really badly to him, he should be allowed to admit that he has been entirely in the wrong, and when he has admitted that, it becomes a woman\s duty to forgive, and one can do it all over again from the beginning, with variations.

Private Security Contractors in Iraq Afghanistan

Introduction In recent years, a prominent feature in most global conflicts has been the increasing role played by non-state actors alongside the conventional armed forces.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Private Security Contractors in Iraq Afghanistan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While available literature reveals that private actors have maintained high presence on battlefields throughout history, modern private military and security entities embody the corporate evolution of the profession of mercenaries, to the point where these multinational corporations are now offering services that are intricately linked to warfare (Perry, 2012, p. 41). In 2010, for example, the US Department of Defence (DoD) had more private workforce operating in both Iraq and Afghanistan than the military personnel deployed (Taylor, 2011, p. 445). Overall, it can be argued that these private companies are today, more than ever, pl aying an increasingly significant role in executing all facets of American national security strategy in countries perceived to harbor threats to global peace and stability. The debate on the merits and demerits of having private security contractors take over many of the roles and functions. These roles were traditionally reserved for the armed forces have been going on for a long time. Particularly in regards to the armed conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan, this paper argues that it is desirable to use these contractors because first; It is through them that the efforts to achieve world peace and stability have become more realistic and valuable. Secondly, counterterrorism is appropriate because these terrorist attacks may bring the countries down if such activities are not anticipated and any signs of attack well monitored; this is only possible when personnel in this role are increased. Third, when the numbers of those in the defense are increased; defense becomes more effective a nd the cost is lower in comparison to the addition of more personnel from the Department of Defense only. Therefore, the use of private security contractors has been desirable because it has improved the welfare of people.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Brief Overview of the Origins of Private Security Contractors â€Å" It is reported in the literature that a global market for private security contractors blossomed in the 1990s (Avant Sigelman, 2010, p. 232). It was triggered, primarily by what many war historians saw as an escalation of global insecurity and a corresponding disinterest by many state actors to send their military personnel to conflict hotspots in Iraq and beyond (Taylor, 2011, p. 448). According to Avant Sigelman (2010), it is at this juncture when â€Å"†¦private military and security companies registered in many different countries began providin g services to an array of international actors, including states, international organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and global corporations† (p. 232). The scope and capacities of this evolving market of private security contractors have become copiously evident during the ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan (Avant Sigelman, 2010, p 232). In 2007, however, a Congressional Budget Office Report revealed that the number of private contractors working for the U.S. in Iraq had surged to one hundred ninety thousand, primarily due to the over stretching of U.S. military forces by the conflicts and anarchy that caused the outstaring of Saddam Hussein (Avant Sigelman, 2010, p. 233). Overall, the number of private security personnel in Iraq and Afghanistan in 2009 soared to at least two hundred forty-five thousand, demonstrating that the profession of contemporary private security contracting had fully come to term (Perry, 2012, p. 401). Insights into the Desirability o f Private Security Contracting Armed private contractors with the capacity to employ lethal force on an organized basis have attracted attention. The debate on their viability and functionality still remains divided along rational and irrational paradigms, and the public mood in affected countries appearing to gravitate towards a total dislike of these establishments. However, the following arguments seek to reinforce the fact that the use of private security contractors is desirable in contemporary settings (Taylor, 2011, p. 446).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Private Security Contractors in Iraq Afghanistan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Private security contractors have contributed to improved world peace and stability The private personnel were charged with the responsibility of protecting government installations and oil fields, providing security to foreign professionals working in Iraq, and bolsterin g staffing in military prisons. This share of activities was extended to the private contractors after the number of military personnel in US reduced the cold war. The intervention was a crucial step towards the successful completion of this war as well as the introduction of long term measures towards conquering through the complete package that they provided (Taylor, 2011, p. 446). Although stakeholders are becoming increasingly concerned about the transparency, accountability, behavior, and legal and symbolic challenges associated with private security contractors (Elsea, 2010, p. 11). It is now clear that these entities have a place in contemporary society as they have proven themselves as indispensable assistance not only in American military operations but also in the maintenance of global peace and stability (Ellington, 2011, p. 132) Private Security Contractors are cost effective Unlike the conventional military forces; which are primarily engaged in combat, private security contractors â€Å"†¦offer a wide range of services including operational support, military advice and training, and logistical support as well as site security (armed and unarmed), crime prevention, police training, interrogation, and intelligence gathering† (Avant Sigelman, 2010, p. 232). The capacity to roll out a multiplicity of roles to conflict hotbeds implies that these entities add value to service provision. They also are cost-effective by virtue of their capability to provide services to clients in a buddle format. For example, a multinational oil corporation with interests in Iraq now needs to contract one private security company to provide security to its installations, staff and logistics – a task that could easily overstretch the resources designated to a conventional military unit. DynCorp has demonstrated effectiveness in not only training the Iraqi police but also in constructing police and prison facilities, as well as building capacity for cre dible Iraq justice system (Avant Sigelman, 2010, p. 235; Ellington, 2011, p. 134).Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Perry (2012), outsourcing private security contractors; â€Å"†¦has also been driven to a significant extent by a functional argument that privatization has enabled the United States to meet the challenges of the post-Cold War security environment† (p. 43). Although the U.S. armed forces experienced an approximately thirty percent reduction in troop strength following the end of the Cold War era, the rate at which troops are deployed abroad on expeditionary operations has significantly increased, providing a window of opportunity for nascent private security contractors to meet the ever-increasing demands with smaller forces. Such a gesture, in my view, not only enhances peace and stability in the world but also saves millions of dollars in tax payers’ money due to efficiencies in operations provided by private security contractors. Private Security Contractors are a tactic to counterterrorism In Counterterrorism efforts, it is becoming increasingly c lear that some Western electorates are reluctant to give up their peace dividends for apparently distant terrorism threats. This is availing an opportunity for private military contractors such as Blackwater (now Xe) to step in with the aim to provide governments in Europe and North America with a mechanism bolstering their armed forces without formally enhancing their size (Perry, 2012, p. 43; Bjork Jones, 2005, p. 718). Such an engagement will add value to the Obama Administration’s efforts to stop terrorists from attacking American interests. It will also prove the appropriateness of private entities to conduct covert operations aimed at eliminating threats to global peace and stability. Conclusion It is essential to conclude that the use of private security contractors has been desirable because it has improved the welfare of people. The benefits linked with the use of private security contractors outweigh the challenges; the cost on establishing them is worth the global security experienced. However, stakeholders are becoming increasingly concerned about the transparency, accountability, behavior, and legal and symbolic challenges associated with private security contractors. Irrespective of this, it has been revealed in this paper how private actors add value to their operations by undertaking multiple roles, and why they continue to remain relevant with regard to conducting efficient and cost-effective operations. In the recent days, people prefer hiring private securities because they are sure of getting quality services. Consequently, it is safe to argue that the continued use of private security contractors in contemporary settings is desirable. The government should support private because they are performing very well. This will improve the level of security in the country. Reference List Avant, D., Sigelman, L. (2010). Private security and democracy: Lessons from Iraq. Security Studies, 19(2), 230-265. Bjork, K., Jones, R. (2005). Overco ming dilemmas created by the 21st century mercenaries: Conceptualizing the use of private security companies in Iraq. Third World Quarterly, 26(4/5), 777-796. Ellington, S. (2011). The rise of battlefield private contractors: An analysis of military policy. Public Integrity, 13(2), 131-148. Elsea, J. (2010). Private security contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan: Legal issues. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R40991.pdf Perry, D. (2012). Blackwater vs. bin Laden: The private sector’s role in American counterterrorism strategy. Comparative Strategy, 31(1), 41-55. Taylor, T. (2011). Private security companies in Iraq and beyond. International Affairs, 87(2), 445-456. This essay on Private Security Contractors in Iraq Afghanistan was written and submitted by user Zayne Buckley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.